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Field of expertise:	All Health Economics and Financing    Cost-effectiveness Studies    Costing Studies    Health Expenditure Review    Health Financing and Provider Payment    Health Insurance    National Health AccountsHealth Programmes    Basic Health Services    HIV-AIDS-STI-TB    Hospital Services    Other Health Programmes    Reproductive HealthHealth System    Health Information System / Epidemiology / Operational Research    Health Policy and Policy Dialogue    Health Sector Reform    Health Sector Review or Health Sector Diagnosis    Monitoring and Evaluation    Planning, Organisation and Management    Public Private Partnership    Sector Wide Approach (SWAp)    Training and Human Resource DevelopmentPharmaceutical Sector    Access to Medicine Campaigns    Drug Pricing Studies    Drug Regulatory Authority Support    Drug Supply Management System Strengthening    Essential Drugs Programme Support    Essential Medicines Financing    Increasing Transparency In Public And Private Pharmaceutical Markets    Medical Store Evaluation    National Medicines Policy Development    Pharmaceutical Sector Review    Procurement and Tender Support    Public Private Partnership Interventions    Quantification of Essential Drug Needs    Rational Use Surveys    Selection of Essential Medicines    Training and Human Resource DevelopmentProject Cycle    Appraisal    Identification and Formulation    Long Term Technical Assistance    Monitoring and Evaluation
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Assignment:	Pre-feasibility Study of local production of quality anti-retroviral drugs
Client:	Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau
Country:	Rwanda
Fields of expertise:	Appraisal, Cost-effectiveness Studies, Costing Studies, Drug Supply Management System Strengthening, National Medicines Policy Development, Public Private Partnership Interventions, Quantification of Essential Drug Needs
Description:	Narrative Description of Project: The objective of the study is to analyse whether ARV production in Rwanda is feasible and would lead to an increased availability of accessible quality drugs in Rwanda and whether there is a potential for export in the sub-region. The second question concerns the best way to implement such a project and whether a cooperation of German development cooperation with Pharmakina could lead to success. Risks and alternatives are also evaluated. Description of Actual Services Provided: Specific tasks Local and regional market and distribution assessment Economic and financial analysis Institutional and organisational analysis Production process technical analysis To evaluate the overall justification in the context of the targets of the German development cooperation Methods Bilateral discussions with MoH and other institutions and donors active in the given filed in Rwanda (GTZ Rwanda: Health and WIRAM (Economy reform and market development, etc.), Revision of available documents, Close cooperation with MoH, GTZ-Rwanda Debriefing meeting in Rwanda Elaboration of a final evaluation report (business plan)
Year:	2005

Assignment:	Diagnosis and reorganisation of the pharmaceutical sector
Client:	World Bank
Country:	Rwanda
Fields of expertise:	Drug Regulatory Authority Support, Drug Supply Management System Strengthening, Essential Drugs Programme Support, Essential Medicines Financing, Health Sector Reform, Medical Store Evaluation, National Medicines Policy Development, Pharmaceutical Sector Review, Planning, Organisation and Management, Quantification of Essential Drug Needs, Rational Use Surveys, Selection of Essential Medicines, Training and Human Resource Development
Description:	Narrative Description of Project: Diagnosis and reorganisation of the pharmaceutical sector in Rwanda (public and private sector). Development of a national policy and legislation for the pharmaceutical sector. Institutional strengthening of the Pharmaceutical Department of the Ministry of Health. Technical and organisational proposals for a new structure for a national central medical store. Quantification of the national needs for essential drugs. Development of the strategies for procurement, supply, storing and distribution of the essential drugs. Proposal for a diagnostic and treatment standard. Strategies for the registration, quality control and rational use of drugs. Development of financial policies for drugs (custom duties, price regulation, etc.). Proposal for the financing of the development plan of the pharmaceutical sector. Description of Actual Services Provided: Responsible for a detailed analysis of the pharmaceutical sector, including policy, legislation, provision and supply of drugs, drug needs by level and by sector, drug use, drug registration, drug financing aspects. Provided assistance to the Ministry of Health in all the above fields to develop proposals to reform. Assisted the Ministry of Health in developing a new central medical stores structure as a parastatal organisation. Developed a financial plan for all proposed reforms. Consensus development at a national and international workshop where proposals for reform have been presented. The actual and functional national central medical store in Kigali is based on the feasibility study and the technical proposals made by HERA-CDP.
Year:	1993 - 1994

Assignment:	Review of the Pharmaceutical Sector
Client:	World Bank - Ministry of Health
Country:	Kenya
Fields of expertise:	Drug Regulatory Authority Support, Drug Supply Management System Strengthening, Essential Drugs Programme Support, Health Policy and Policy Dialogue, Health Sector Reform, Health Sector Review or Health Sector Diagnosis, Monitoring and Evaluation, National Medicines Policy Development, Pharmaceutical Sector Review, Procurement and Tender Support, Quantification of Essential Drug Needs, Rational Use Surveys
Description:	Narrative description of Project: The Government of Kenya, with support from its partners including the World Bank, has committed itself to a series of reform efforts in the health sector. As part of this , the MOH commissioned a comprehensive review of the pharmaceutical sector. The review was contracted in 4 different consultancies of which HERA completed 3 parts: Consultancy for Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Access in Kenya, including an Institutional Capacity Assessment of the MOH and KEMSA Consultancy for Evaluating/Improving Quality Assurance and Sustainability in the Medical Supplies Sub-sector in Kenya Consultancy to strengthen the logistics Management and the Rational Use of Drugs in Kenya. Description of actual services provided: Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Access in Kenya: Description of geographical, physical and financial access to drugs in Kenya, particularly for the diseases of poverty, in both public and private sectors; Evaluation of the structure, functioning and outcomes of the existing drug supply systems (including the procurement, warehousing and distribution of drugs to all levels of the health care system); Assessment of the structure, functioning and outcomes of the existing pharmaceutical financing and pricing systems from an efficiency and equity perspective; Development of alternative proposals for efficient and equitable systems of drug supply management, financing and pricing. Evaluating/ Improving Quality Assurance and Sustainability in the Medical Supplies Sub-sector : Description and evaluation of the overall structure, process and performance of drug quality assurance/control systems at both central and provincial levels; Assessment of the procedures ensuring the quality of drugs and of manufacturing facilities, the thoroughness and frequency of these quality inspections and the overall effectiveness of the quality assurance/control systems; Detailed analysis of all the sources and uses of Drug Control Authority Funds; Development of recommendations to ensure that the systems for drug quality assurance at all levels of the health system in the public and private sectors function efficiently and effectively in the future. Strengthening the Logistics Management and Rational Use of Drugs: Description and analysis of the existing patterns of drug prescription, dispensing and consumption in the public and private sectors. Review of the logistics management system in the public and private sectors and recommendations for strengthening and developing a national procurement and logistics management action plan; Evaluation of the existing policies, norms, standards and practices related to the use of pharmaceuticals by health professionals and consumers; Development of alternative proposals for the establishment of an effective program for rational drug use (including an essential drugs policy and generics strategy).
Year:	2004 - 2005